7-digit seven segment display module can be controlled from three digital pins of Arduino UNO through shift register module. Circuit is done as shown in the image. Seven segment display module and shift register module should be powered from an external power supply.

Purchase 7-digit seven segment display module from https://haberocean.com/product/7-digit-seven-segment-display-module-with-negative-symbol/

Purchase shift register module from https://haberocean.com/product/shift-register-module-using-74hc595/

Upload the following program to your Arduino UNO. Change the value of numberToDisplay variable to change the number displayed on module.

//Pin connected to ST_CP (12) of 74HC595
int latchPin = 12;
//Pin connected to SH_CP (11) of 74HC595
int clockPin = 11;
////Pin connected to DS (14) of 74HC595
int dataPin = 10;

int numDigitArray[7]  = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
int dotPointArray[7]  = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

void displayValueAndDigit(byte value, byte digit, byte dp, byte NDY) {
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 0);
    customDelay();
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, value);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, digit);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, dp);
    shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, 0x00);
    digitalWrite(latchPin, 1);
    customDelay();
}

void displayNumberInDigit(int numberToDisplayInDigit, int digitNumber, byte dotPointHex) {
  byte numberHex, digitNumberHex;
  
  switch(numberToDisplayInDigit)
  {
    case 0:
      numberHex = 0x00; 
      break;
    case 1:
      numberHex = 0x01;
      break;
    case 2:
      numberHex = 0x02;
      break;
    case 3:
      numberHex = 0x03;
      break;
    case 4:
      numberHex = 0x04; 
      break;
    case 5:
      numberHex = 0x05;
      break;
    case 6:
      numberHex = 0x06;
      break;
    case 7:
      numberHex = 0x07;
      break;
    case 8:
      numberHex = 0x08;
      break;
    case 9:
      numberHex = 0x09;
      break;
    case 15:
      numberHex = 0x0F;
      break;
    default:
      numberHex = 0x00;
      break;
  }

  switch(digitNumber) {
    case 0:
      digitNumberHex = 0xBF;
      break;
    case 1:
      digitNumberHex = 0xDF;
      break;
    case 2:
      digitNumberHex = 0xEF;
      break;
    case 3:
      digitNumberHex = 0xF7;
      break;
    case 4:
      digitNumberHex = 0xFB;
      break;
    case 5:
      digitNumberHex = 0xFD;
      break;
    case 6:
      digitNumberHex = 0xFE;
      break;
    default:
      digitNumberHex = 0x00;
      break;
  }

  displayValueAndDigit(numberHex, digitNumberHex, dotPointHex, 0x00);
  displayValueAndDigit(numberHex, 0xFF, dotPointHex, 0x00);
}

int decPartProcess(double decPart) {
  
  int i = 0;
  double decPartMult10, decPartMult100, tempFractionalPart;
  int dotPointPosition;
  int decPartArray[] = {0, 0};
  int decPartToInt = int(decPart * 100);

  //  decPart      decPartToInt
  //  .0           0
  //  .05          5
  //  .5           50
  //  .58          58

  decPartMult10 = decPart * 10;
  decPartArray[0] = (int) decPartMult10;
  tempFractionalPart = decPartMult10 - decPartArray[0]; 
  
  decPartMult100 = tempFractionalPart * 10;
  decPartArray[1] = (int) decPartMult100;
  tempFractionalPart = decPartMult100 - decPartArray[1];

  //  decPartArray[0]     decPartArray[1]   
  //  0                   0
  //  0                   5
  //  5                   0
  //  5                   5

  if(decPartArray[0] == 0 && decPartArray[1] == 0) {
    dotPointArray[0] = 0;
    dotPointArray[1] = 0;
    dotPointArray[2] = 0;
    dotPointArray[3] = 0;
    dotPointArray[4] = 0;
    dotPointArray[5] = 0;
    dotPointArray[6] = 0; 
    
    dotPointPosition = 6;
    
  } else if(decPartArray[0] == 0 && decPartArray[1] > 0) {
    dotPointArray[0] = 0;
    dotPointArray[1] = 0;
    dotPointArray[2] = 0;
    dotPointArray[3] = 0;
    dotPointArray[4] = 1;
    dotPointArray[5] = 0;
    dotPointArray[6] = 0;    

    numDigitArray[5] = decPartArray[0];
    numDigitArray[6] = decPartArray[1];
    dotPointPosition = 4;
         
  } else if(decPartArray[0] > 0 && decPartArray[1] == 0) {
    dotPointArray[0] = 0;
    dotPointArray[1] = 0;
    dotPointArray[2] = 0;
    dotPointArray[3] = 0;
    dotPointArray[4] = 0;
    dotPointArray[5] = 1;
    dotPointArray[6] = 0;   

    numDigitArray[6] = decPartArray[0];
    dotPointPosition = 5;
    
  } else if(decPartArray[0] > 0 && decPartArray[1] > 0) {
    dotPointArray[0] = 0;
    dotPointArray[1] = 0;
    dotPointArray[2] = 0;
    dotPointArray[3] = 0;
    dotPointArray[4] = 1;
    dotPointArray[5] = 0;
    dotPointArray[6] = 0;    

    numDigitArray[5] = decPartArray[0];
    numDigitArray[6] = decPartArray[1];
    dotPointPosition = 4;
  }

  for(i = 0; i< 7;i++) {
    Serial.print(numDigitArray[i]);
  }

  Serial.print(" ");
  Serial.print(dotPointPosition);
  
  Serial.println("");

  return(dotPointPosition);
}

void intPartProcess(long int intPart, int dotPointPosition, byte sign) {
  //  intPart     dotPointPosition
  //  846         4
  int i = 0;  
  int quotient;
  int tempDotPointPosition = dotPointPosition;
  long int tempIntPart = intPart;

  for(i=0;i<=dotPointPosition;i++) {
    numDigitArray[i] = 15;
  }

  if(tempIntPart == 0) {
    numDigitArray[tempDotPointPosition] = 0;
  }
  
  while(tempIntPart > 0) {
    numDigitArray[tempDotPointPosition] = tempIntPart % 10;
    tempIntPart /= 10;
    tempDotPointPosition--;  
    if(tempDotPointPosition < 0) {
      break;
    }
  }

  if(sign == 0x80) {
    numDigitArray[0] = 15;
  }
}

void customDelay() {
  delayMicroseconds(1);
}

void displayNumber(int dotPointPosition, byte sign) {
  int i;
  byte dotPointHex, dotAndSign;
  
  switch(dotPointPosition) {
    case 0:
      dotPointHex = 0x40;
      break;
    case 1:
      dotPointHex = 0x20;
      break;
    case 2:
      dotPointHex = 0x10;
      break;
    case 3:
      dotPointHex = 0x08;
      break;
    case 4:
      dotPointHex = 0x04;
      break;
    case 5:
      dotPointHex = 0x02;
      break;
    case 6:
      dotPointHex = 0x00;
      break;
    default:
      dotPointHex = 0x00;         
      break;
  }

  dotAndSign = dotPointHex | sign;
  
  for(i=0;i<7;i++) {
    displayNumberInDigit(numDigitArray[i], i, dotAndSign);
  }
}

void setup() {
  //set pins to output because they are addressed in the main loop
  pinMode(latchPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT);
  
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  byte sign = 0x00;

  // Upper limit +32767
  // Lower limit -32767
  //long double numberToDisplay = -2689.6;
  long double numberToDisplay = random(-32767, 32767) / 15.0;
  
  if(numberToDisplay < 0.0) {
    numberToDisplay*=-1;
    sign = 0x80;
  }
  
  long int intPart = (int) numberToDisplay;
  float decPart = numberToDisplay - intPart;
  int dotPointPosition, i;

  dotPointPosition = decPartProcess(decPart);
  intPartProcess(intPart, dotPointPosition, sign);

  displayNumber(dotPointPosition, sign);

  delay(300);
}

// the heart of the program
void shiftOut(int myDataPin, int myClockPin, byte myDataOut) {
  // This shifts 8 bits out MSB first,
  //on the rising edge of the clock,
  //clock idles low

  //internal function setup
  int i=0;
  int pinState;
  pinMode(myClockPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(myDataPin, OUTPUT);

  //clear everything out just in case to
  //prepare shift register for bit shifting
  digitalWrite(myDataPin, 0);
  customDelay();
  digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);
  customDelay();

  //for each bit in the byte myDataOut
  //NOTICE THAT WE ARE COUNTING DOWN in our for loop
  //This means that %00000001 or "1" will go through such
  //that it will be pin Q0 that lights.
  for (i=7; i>=0; i--)  {
    digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);
    customDelay();
    //if the value passed to myDataOut and a bitmask result
    // true then... so if we are at i=6 and our value is
    // %11010100 it would the code compares it to %01000000
    // and proceeds to set pinState to 1.
    if ( myDataOut & (1<<i) ) {
      pinState= 1;
    }
    else { 
      pinState= 0;
    }

    //Sets the pin to HIGH or LOW depending on pinState
    digitalWrite(myDataPin, pinState);
    customDelay();
    //register shifts bits on upstroke of clock pin  
    digitalWrite(myClockPin, 1);
    customDelay();
    //zero the data pin after shift to prevent bleed through
    digitalWrite(myDataPin, 0);
    customDelay();
  }

  //stop shifting
  digitalWrite(myClockPin, 0);
  customDelay();
}